This research project COMPUTER ANIMATION AND IT ROLE IN ADVERTISING (FOCUS ON ONLINE BANNER ADVERTISING) looks deeply at the computer animation and most importantly the role these two places in advertising.

       One can never know the value or importance of ones power of imagination unless its being to existence that moving images have the potentials to convey a lot much more information although images still convey a lot information because the human visual system is a sophisticated information processor.

       Animated being recorded or produce for viewing is typically presented in film or video format and it cuts across advertising by recording a series of still images.

       This research project also looks in the vital role animation and computer animation plays in advertising as mentioned in the first paragraph.

       Animation got a big bit when it delved into television and television been one means which advertising can achieved effectively.

This was a turnover for animation. Initially animation was just art. Computer animations coming in to play, advert or commercials are now more interesting creating attention, talking of attention, ‘An animation banner ad will have greater attention- getting capacity than a static banner ad.’ This will be discussed later.

It’s very improper to state any exposition or revealing of computer animation and it role in advertising without having the knowledge of animation and its background.

       Animation refers to the process, in which each frame of a film or movie is produced individually whether generated as a computer graphic, or by photographing drawn images, or by repeatedly making small changes to model and then photographing the result. When the frames are strung together and the resulting film is viewed at a speed of 16 or more frames per second. There is an illusion of continuous movement (due to the persistence of vision).

       Generating such a film is very labour intensive and tedious, through the development of computer animation has greatly speed up the process. A graphic film format, which is called GLF, allows animation to be reviewed on a computer.

Another format called flash allows for animation to be viewed over on the Internet.

       But basically, to ‘animate’ is to literally ‘to give life to’.

Animating is moving something, which cannot move itself.

Animation adds to graphics the dimension of, which vastly increases the amount of information, which can be transmitted. In order to animate something, the animator has to be able to specify, either directly or indirectly, how the thing is to move through time and space.

There are different styles of animation:

1.        Traditional animation

2.        Rote scooping

3.        Computer Animation

4.        Cutout animation

5.        Analog computer animation

6.        Stop- motion animation

7.        Clay motion

8.        Pixilation

9.        Limited animation

10.    Pinscreen animation

11.    Drawn on film animation

        The history film animation begins with the earliest days of silent film and continuous through the present day, the first animated cartoon was from French Emile Renaud, that created praxynoscope, animation system of pictures and films of about 500 pictures projected on its own theatre optique, system near from modern film projector, at Musee Gevin in pairs, French, in cartoon on standard picture film was Fantasomogorie by the French director Emile courted in August 17, 1908.

       ‘Animation should be art… what you fellows have done with it is making it into trade… not an act, but a trade… bad luck’ these were the word from Winsor Mccay, father of animation cartoon. As a then animation was just art.

       The work of animation was no longer a one man work, it was a stream lined, assembly- line process in the best Henry Ford tradition.

       SOME FAMOUS NAMES IN ANIMATION.

1.      Tex Henry

2.      Max Fleshier

3.      Emile Counter

4.      Walt Disney

5.      Mel blance

6.      Winsor Mc Cay

7.      Hayao Miyazaki

8.      Norman midaren and lots more.

       Even before McCay had shown the world the true potential of the animated cartoon in his landmark film ‘Gertie the dinosaur’ (1914), the first animation studios were already, trying to exploit the medium for what they could.

       Some animation studios are:

1.      Aardman animation

2.      Warner Brothers

3.      Walt Disney studios

4.      Small films

5.      Flecscher studios

6.      Filmation

                   TABLE OF CONTENTS                                           

CHAPTER ONE

I.1    introduction                                                      

i.                    Computer animation

ii.                  Computer animation’s

Role in advertising                                 

   1.2     Background Problem                               

   1.3    Research Problem                                      

   1.4    Research aims/ objectives                     

   1.5    Scope of study                                               

   1.6    Limitation/ delimitation                        

1.7              Operation definition of terminology 

CHAPTER TWO         -         LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1   Overview                                                              

2.2   Relevance of a computer graphic        

CHAPTER THREE      -        RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1   Time/ approach                                                 

3.2   Source of data                                                 

3.3   Project development                                     

CHAPTER FOUR      

4.1  Project analysis                                             

CHAPTER FIVE             - CONCLUSION

5.1    Achievement                                                      

5.2    Recommendation                                              

         Reference and bibliography                   

CHAPTER ONE

1.1      COMPUTER ANIMATION 

       This research project is basically to help undergraduates or even be handy for computer graphic programmers who want to learn and know more about the basis of computer animation programming and even go a step further to knowing it role in advertising because this research project gives some deep and explanatory as earlier stated.

       As discussed earlier in animation itself, to ‘animate’ is literally to give life to ‘Animating’ is moving something, which cannot move itself and its concern with time so, computer animation is the art of creating moving images via the use of computers or the use of computer to create animations. It is a sub field of computer graphic and animation.

       There are different method operate or make computer animations.

       Increasingly it is created by means of 3D computer graphics or animation; through 2D computer graphics are still widely used. Sometimes the target of the animation is the computer itself sometimes the target is another medium, such as file. One way to create computer animation is to create objects and render them. This method produces perfect and three-dimensional looking animations.

       To create the illusion of movement an image is displayed on the computer screen then quickly replaced by a new image that is similar to the previous image, but shifted slightly. This technique is clinical to how the illusion of movement is achieved with television and motion picture

i.                                    SAMPLE EXAMPLE (CA)

              The screen is blanked to a background color such as back. Then a filled red circle is drawn in the center of the screen. Next the screen is blanked; but the red circle is drawn slightly to the right of its original position. This process is repeated, each time moving the circle a bit to the right. If this process is repeated fast enough the red circle would appear to move smoothly to the right. This basic procedure is used for all moving pictures in films and television.

ii.                                  TOOLS

           Computer animation can be done on a variety of computers, simple cell animation requires nothing more than that a computer system capable of simple graphics with proper animation software. Unfortunately, most of the computer animation that you see on television and in other areas is done on extremely sophisticated workstation. This page is broken into two software and hardware,

       There are some of the most popular software packages used by companies schools and individual all around the globe.

1.3D Studio Max

2. 3D Studio

3. Light ware 3D

4. Adobe PhotoShop

5. Animator Studio

       To trick the eye and brain into thinking they are seeing a smoothly moving object the picture must be drawn at about 24 frames per second (FPS) or faster (a frame is one complete image). With rates above 70 FPS, no improvement in realism or smoothness is perceivable due to the way the eye and brain process images at rates below 24FPS, most people can detect Jerkiness associated with the drawing of new images which detracts0 from the illusion of realistic movement. Conventional hand-draw cartoon animation often used 12EPS in order to save on the number of drawings needed, but this is usually accepted because of the stylized nature of cartoons. Because it produces more realistic imagery computer animation demands higher frame rates to reinforce this realism.

      The reason no Jerkiness is seen at higher speeds is due to ‘persistence of vision’ from movement to movement the eye and brain looking together actually store whatever you look at for a fraction of a second and automatically smooth out’ minor jumps movie film seen in a theater runs at 24FPS which is sufficient to this illusion of continuous movement.

(ii) COMPUTER ANIMATION’S ROLE ADVERTISING

Advertising is mass communication that advertising pays for in order to convince a certain segment of the public to adopt ideas or take actions of benefit to the advertisers.

        In the 1950s the advert of television, which is one of the faster way of advertising, developed fast to the advertising medium #1.

Now advertising could demonstrate thee use of their products and present well know figures to praise it. They also arrange emotions through television.

       One of the most popular uses for computer animation is in television advertising some of thee models that the commercial would see extremely difficult to animation in the past (i.e. saxophones, boxes of detergent, bathrooms, kitchen etc.) this is use or was discovered. The modeled objects would then be animated and incorporated with live video. The process involved in modeling and create the animation could take as many weeks.

          In most case, advertising needs media to be inserted. Usually, animation is used images derived from live film.

Sometimes the animation detail is so high, that viewers can’t tell if what they are seeing is real or not.

       In this context of computer animation in advertising, the effects of animation in Online Banner Advertising will be assess; Hierarchy of effects models.

       This study/ research attempts to examine the effects of animation banner ads, as well as the moderating effects of involvement, on each stage of the hierarchy of effects model.

The result of this study/ research provide support for the notion that animated banner ads prompt better advertising has better attention – grubbing capabilities, and generates higher recall more favorable Ad.

       While online advertising has grown dramatically during the past several years (low 2000) attracting individuals attention and persuading them remain one of the critical issues for the practitioner. The only way these practitioner can make a big hit is by the innovation of animation in the ads.

       The also attempts to assess the effect of animation banner ads over status ads with the framework of the hierarchy of effects.

1.2                                                           BACKGROUND HISTORY

       Computer animation has been around as long as computer graphics. The University of Utah founded by DARPA. Was the easily pioneer in computer graphics and produced many of the well- know names in graphics. The first major sketchpad in 1962 by Ivan Sutherland. This system animates line drawings on a screen—based animation.

       Also produced for the effort of the university of Utah were some early films hand and an animated face by such folks as Ed cat mill, break crow, Fred Parke, and Jim Blinn. It has been earlipsed.

       In the late sixties chuks Csuri was doing some pioneering work in computer animation in the computer graphics Research Group at the Ohio state university. A

 Major feature of that came out the Ohio State in the seventies was real time video play back from a digital disk.

       In the early 80s the research group become the advance computing center for Art and Design and continues to produce computer animation.

       Norm Balder, at the University of Pennsylvania, was one of the first researchers addressing the problem of human figure animation. He has continued this research and has established the center for human modeling and simulation.

       Also in the mid-seventies, at Cornell university, the programmer for computer graphics, under the direction of Don

Green berg, generated some architecturally walk- through of Conrail’s Campus.

       Computer animation has become regular and popular in special effect. movies such as ‘Jurassic Park’ terminator 2 judgement Day and ‘the Abyss’ have brought computer animated called Hunger was produced by Reine Jodin and directed animated by peter folders in 1974. This effort was a 2.5D system that depended heavily on object interpolation techniques.

       A major part in integrating live film and computer animation, is to make absolutely sure that scale and perspective of the animation are light. The scale is important to making the animal beharable. The animators go through a greater deal work to make sure this is right.

       In 1907 the HAUNTED HOTE is an animators film by James Stuart Blacktion. In this film the animated was created by stop motion and effects animated of 3Dobjects- wine

Poured into a glass, bread cut and a table set without a human present. The film was a success and introduced 3D animation at the world.

       Storyboards play an important role in creating animation, but there would probably never be a storyboard for something as simple as a flipping logo or a bouncing ball.

       For example the movie ‘terminator 2 judgement day’ produced in 19….. there was a scene in that movie when one of the characters walks through fire. The animators would have to perfectly model the character to the greatest detail. They would then make their model unimick the live character movement and make him walk through. The fire then they would the two images together.

    In 1995, Disney and pixar released the very first, fall length, totally computer animation motion picture.

       Just like conventional animation computer animation is also a form of art. This can be confirmed by the words of the father of animation should be art in 1911-21. An artist can control a magnitude of things in a computer animation with a few clicks of a mouse than he can do in the conventional animation methods. A light source can be moved very easily without re-doing the whole animation.

       There is now a great industry in computer animation. There is a great need for more stunning animations for television to keep the watchers glued to the screen. There is also demand for computer animation in many fields because of this demand. There is also a growing number of computer animation companies.

They are to mention a few:

1.      Adobe system Inc.

2.      Alias/ wave front

3.      Aula Desk

4.      Bantering

5.      Calgary

6.      Computer vision

7.      Electro Image

8.      National Association of Broad Casters.

1.3                                                           RESEARCH PROBLEM

This project is out to solve the idea of just having a stain banner advert, but giving importance of having an animated banner advert with the use of computer to achieve this.

       Static banner advertising does not appeal to the eye- brain because of its usual nature, which is static. Animation comes in to change all that because it draws attended and the memory of it remains.

       This project research is out to change the face of advertising and to through light on the importance of computer animation.

1.4                 RESEARCH AIMS/ OBJECTIVE

           An animated banner advertising will have greater attended- getting capability than a static banner ad and also images convey a lot information because the human visual system is a sophisticated information processor. So, it follows or it can be said that moving images have the potential to convey much more information.

       The versatility of an artist in the society is the ability of being really creative and experimental especially in the field of animation in respect of adverting in the field animation and advertising. Meleis in 1890 using simple tricks and techniques of a camera to make inanimate objects appear to move. Art history has made it open to the artist about the style expressionism and mannerism to be more creative in expression design. The aim of this research is to make artist and computer graphics programmers see the important of been innovation in their thinking.

1.5              SCOPE OF STUDY

        This project scope is basically based on animation production through computer and to know the important nature of animating in advertising because animation gives adverts a different status altogether. It creates more time than the old usual adverts.

       And how these representations and creativity can be manipulated to produce this result through the user of computer with the use of full 3D computer animation and the techniques to move objects interesting ways.

1.7  OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMINOLOGY

  Animate:                   Denotatively mean to give life to.

  Animating                 is moving something, which cannot move                      

                                     It’s self.

  Anthropomorphic:     is an attributing human form to a god to or    

                                     animal.

 Camera:                      An apparatus use to produce images       

                                      through light.

 Computer:                   An electronic device with features that

                                     enable the performance or acceptance of

                                      input     (Data/ instructions/ signals)

                                     proceeds the input as directed by the

                                     computer internal control operations store

                                     information’s and yield a result (output) a

                                     Consequence of the processing actions.

Constraint:                     A restriction in a strained manner.

Direct 3D                      Microsoft’s API for 3D graphics.

Flipbook:                     is a table of paper with an individual

                                     drawing on each page so the viewer could

                                     flip through them.

Film strip:                   A motion picture film made of a number of

                                    still photographs shown in sequence.

Film                            A transparent photographic material

                                    chemical treated to produce images when

                                    exposed to light.

Film studio:                 A studio in which motion pictures film/ s

                                    are recorded.

Frame:                        An organized shaped button for the finished

                                   decoration of an art piece according to its

                                   shape.

Fogging:                     Blending part of a scene with colour.

Interpolate:                 is acts inserts, or interject.

Raster Graphics:          Computer graphics system which process

                                   images, formed from raster of pixels.

Scene:                        the sequence of play, television or motion

                                  picture show over a continues period of time.

Screen:                      the surface into which the image of a side

                                  television or motion picture is projected.

Shot:                        A continues filming by a camera.

Sketch:                    To make an outline of a drawing such that the

                                 Objects is recognizable.

Studio:                     the place where an artist works an origination

                                 point for television and radio programmes. 

                               An enclosure where pictures are taken.

Storyboard:             A presentations panel comprising of

                                illustration’s of various shots, sequence, scripts

                                 and notes regarding filming of a television

                                 commercial.

Pixel:                      The smallest addressable element of a picture.

This material content is developed to serve as a GUIDE for students to conduct academic research