EVALUATING THE ROLE OF TRAINING IN IMPROVING THE USE OF ELECTRONIC INFORMATION RETRIEVAL DEVICES IN NIGERIAN INSTITUTIONS

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the study

In today's realm of information technology, many libraries and information centres have embraced Electronic Information Resources (EIRs) like CD-ROMs, the Internet, and the World Wide Web (WWW) to improve their information services, in addition to traditional print resources. This transition offers a remarkable chance for change in the way education is delivered, due to the advantages these resources provide in enhancing the processes of instruction, learning, and inquiry. A multitude of elements influences the preference for electronic information resources among libraries and information centres. The aforementioned factors include the ability to enable faster and more convenient access to current information for individuals in various settings, such as homes, offices, hostels, and dormitories. Furthermore, they facilitate effective storage and the possibility of concurrent sharing of identical information resources among various users, enhancing space utilisation, while also providing easy maintenance and smooth integration with indexing and abstracting databases (Martin & Lu, 2021; Damian et al., 2017).

As the demand for electronic information continues to rise, it becomes increasingly important for individuals to develop the necessary skills to access, retrieve, and effectively utilise relevant information. In the modern age, the significance of electronic information retrieval devices has increased significantly, especially in educational environments. These devices, including computers, tablets, and a range of digital tools, provide access to a wealth of academic and research information, empowering students and faculty to enhance their educational and instructional pursuits. A study by Ifijeh et al. (2017) demonstrates that electronic resources play a crucial role in academic environments; however, the successful use of these resources largely hinges on the users' proficiency in navigating information retrieval systems. While Nigerian institutions have made strides in acquiring electronic devices and resources, a notable gap often exists between the availability of these tools and their effective utilisation. A considerable proportion of students and faculty in Nigerian institutions exhibit a deficiency in training regarding the effective use of EIRDs, resulting in a marked underutilisation of the resources at their disposal.

Training has been acknowledged as a crucial factor in bridging this gap. A study by Fatoki et al. (2019) highlights that adequate training in electronic information retrieval greatly enhances user confidence and increases the effectiveness of information searching and utilisation. This training involves familiarising individuals with search engines, online databases, academic journals, and a range of digital repositories (Amuno, 2017). Without sufficient training, individuals may struggle with essential tasks such as performing keyword searches, using Boolean operators, and evaluating the quality of the information they find, which could hinder their academic pursuits and research efficiency (Frost & Shelly, 2018). Instruction on electronic information retrieval devices is essential for library personnel and students in Nigerian institutions, establishing a crucial basis for efficient information access and use.

Training on electronic information retrieval devices significantly improves library staff's capacity to assist users effectively. Staff members develop expertise in instructing students on the effective use of databases, e-books, and various digital resources. This ability cultivates a more nurturing library atmosphere, enabling individuals to seek help with assurance (Ogunyemi, 2020). Training provides library staff and students with crucial information literacy skills, empowering them to effectively locate, evaluate, and utilise information. As digital landscapes expand, possessing a robust understanding of information literacy is essential for effectively navigating diverse electronic resources (Adebayo, 2018). Nwankwo (2021) asserts that adequate training enables both staff and students to fully leverage the capabilities of electronic resources. When individuals grasp the effective utilisation of search engines and databases, they are more inclined to interact with these resources, resulting in heightened usage rates and enhanced academic achievements. Training cultivates analytical skills by prompting individuals to assess sources, identify trustworthy information, and grasp the complexities of information acquisition. These abilities are crucial for achieving success in academia and for manoeuvring through a progressively intricate information landscape (Ogunyemi, 2020).

Moreover, the capacity to traverse information—comprising the competencies required for identifying, evaluating, and employing information proficiently—has become an essential element of scholarly success (Nwankwo, 2021). Universities worldwide have integrated information literacy training into their academic curricula, and institutions in Nigeria are gradually recognising its importance. Ukwoma and Mole (2017) argue that sufficient training in electronic information retrieval equips users with vital technical skills while fostering a deeper understanding of how to navigate complex information systems, thereby enhancing the quality of research and academic outcomes. Research demonstrates that organisations prioritising training programs for their staff and students frequently achieve enhanced educational outcomes. Adeniran (2017) emphasises that students who receive adequate training in electronic information retrieval tools are likely to achieve higher academic success, as they demonstrate greater proficiency in accessing and utilising relevant academic resources. Iroabuchi et al. (2019) posits that training programs focussing on both technical skills and information literacy components provide users with a holistic method for electronic information retrieval.

While the importance of training is broadly recognised, many institutions in Nigeria have yet to effectively integrate comprehensive training programs into their academic structures. Factors such as insufficient financial resources, a lack of qualified educators, and resistance to moving away from traditional methods of information retrieval have contributed to this disparity (Oyediran-Tidings, 2017). The importance of training in electronic information retrieval is amplified by the infrastructural and technological obstacles that hinder the effective use of EIRDs. Ani and Ahiauzu (2018) emphasise that many institutions in Nigeria face obstacles such as limited access to high-speed internet, inadequate technological infrastructure, and a lack of trained personnel to assist in the use of these devices. Therefore, it is essential for institutions to evaluate the current structure of training in electronic information retrieval and to implement strategies that address the specific challenges faced by their users.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

The emergence of electronic information retrieval devices has significantly altered the framework of information access within educational institutions globally, including those in Nigeria. The array of devices, including online databases, digital libraries, and search engines, presents remarkable opportunities for students and faculty to engage with extensive information resources. Nonetheless, in spite of the presence of these resources, a considerable disparity persists in their efficient application among individuals within Nigerian institutions. This issue can be primarily linked to insufficient training regarding the utilisation of these electronic information retrieval systems.

Studies indicate that numerous individuals face challenges in efficiently navigating electronic information retrieval systems, primarily due to insufficient foundational skills and a limited comprehension of how to utilise these tools for scholarly and research objectives (Nwankwo, 2021). Individuals in academic settings frequently encounter challenges due to the sheer amount of information accessible, which can result in the use of unproductive search methods, ultimately yielding unsatisfactory results in information retrieval (Alabi, 2020). This circumstance impacts not just personal scholarly achievements but also constrains the comprehensive efficacy of educational frameworks and research endeavours within academic institutions. Moreover, the absence of organised training programs within Nigerian institutions intensifies the issue. Numerous academic libraries and institutions do not offer thorough information literacy training that caters to the particular requirements of users concerning electronic resources (Ogunyemi, 2020). Consequently, it is possible that students and faculty remain uninformed about the comprehensive functionalities of the electronic devices available to them, and they may lack the requisite skills to employ these tools proficiently. The absence of adequate training may result in dependence on antiquated approaches to information retrieval, frequently proving to be both inefficient and ineffective in today's digital landscape.

Moreover, the swift advancement of technology presents an additional obstacle. Electronic information retrieval devices undergo constant updates and enhancements; however, in the absence of continuous training and support, users may struggle to keep pace with the effective utilisation of new features and tools (Adebayo, 2018). The gap in technology can pose a considerable obstacle to productive inquiry and education, especially within a progressively competitive scholarly landscape.

The consequences of insufficient training in the utilisation of electronic information retrieval devices reach far beyond the realm of individual users. Institutions may not fully capitalise on their technological investments, resulting in squandered resources and lost chances for achieving academic excellence. As a result, the ineffective utilisation of these devices may compromise the overarching educational goals of Nigerian institutions, thereby impacting the calibre of graduates who are entering the workforce. Tackling this matter is crucial for augmenting the efficacy of electronic resources, elevating the standard of education, and equipping students and faculty for achievement in a digital information landscape. Thus, the necessity for this investigation

1.3 Objectives of the study

The primary objective of this study is to critically evaluate the role of training in improving the use of electronic information retrieval devices in Nigerian institutions. Specific objectives of this study are to:

1. To examine the types of training programs available for users of electronic information retrieval devices in Nigerian institutions

2. To determine the impact of training on the effectiveness of students and staff in using electronic information retrieval devices for academic and research purposes

3. To evaluate the Impact of Training on Resource Utilization in Nigerian institutions

4. To identify the challenges faced by students and staff in accessing and utilizing training on electronic information retrieval devices.

1.4 Research Questions

The following research questions which are in line with the objectives of this study will be answered in this study:

1. 1. 1. What are the types of training programs available for users of electronic information retrieval devices in Nigerian institutions?

      2. What is the impact of training on the effectiveness of students and staff in using electronic information retrieval devices for academic and research purposes in Nigerian institutions?

      3. What is the Impact of Training on Resource Utilization in Nigerian institutions?

      4. What are the challenges faced by students and staff in accessing and utilizing training on electronic information retrieval devices?

1.5 Research Hypotheses

To determine the effectiveness of this study, the following research null hypotheses will be formulated to guide the study and it will be tested at 0.05% levels of significance.:

Ho: Training has no significant impact on the effectiveness of students and staff in using electronic information retrieval devices for academic and research purposes in Nigerian institutions.

Ha: Training has a significant impact on the effectiveness of students and staff in using electronic information retrieval devices for academic and research purposes in Nigerian institutions.

1.6 Significance of the study

The research carries substantial importance for a range of stakeholders, encompassing students, library personnel, educational leaders, policymakers, and the wider academic community.

The results of this study hold significant importance for students, as they have a direct influence on their academic achievements and research skills. Comprehensive training in electronic information retrieval provides students with the essential skills to adeptly access, assess, and employ digital resources with efficiency. This empowerment can enrich their educational journeys, cultivate autonomous research skills, and ultimately lead to improved scholarly achievements.

The study will provide library staff with valuable insights into effective training methodologies that can be applied within their institutions. Comprehending the influence of training on their competencies and service provision can enable staff to more effectively support students in exploring electronic resources. Elevating staff expertise can result in superior user assistance, fostering a more favourable atmosphere for academic inquiry and exploration.

The study will hold considerable importance for educational administrators in influencing curriculum development and the allocation of resources. The findings from the study can guide the development of training initiatives that are in harmony with the objectives of the institution. By prioritising training initiatives, administrators can cultivate a culture of information literacy, ensuring that both students and staff are adequately equipped to effectively utilise electronic resources.

Policymakers may leverage the findings to promote the development of improved training programs within educational institutions. The research highlights the significance of prioritising information literacy programs, essential for cultivating a workforce adept in technology. Policymakers have the opportunity to enhance educational policies by incorporating training initiatives, which would significantly elevate the quality of education in Nigeria.

The study will hold considerable importance for individuals engaged in academic research. As the realm of information advances, it is imperative for researchers to remain informed about optimal methodologies for accessing and utilising electronic resources. This research offers valuable perspectives on training methodologies that improve the ability of researchers to locate pertinent literature, perform systematic reviews, and remain updated on advancements within their disciplines. Enhancing skills in utilising electronic information retrieval tools can result in more effective research approaches and superior outcomes.

1.7 Scope of the study

Broadly, this study focus is to critically evaluate the role of training in improving the use of electronic information retrieval devices in Nigerian institutions. Empirically, the study will explore the types of training programs available for users of electronic information retrieval devices in Nigerian institutions, the impact of training on the effectiveness of students and staff in using electronic information retrieval devices for academic and research purposes in Nigerian institutions, the Impact of Training on Resource Utilization in Nigerian institutions and the challenges faced by students and staff in accessing and utilizing training on electronic information retrieval devices in Nigerian institutions.

Geographically, the study will be carried out in The Akwa Ibom State University Library, Akwa Ibom state.

1.8 Limitations of the study

Throughout the investigation, the investigators meticulously examined the intrinsic limitations that exist within all human behaviours. A significant obstacle encountered was the insufficient depth of academic inquiry into the topic. An important aspect that influenced the situation was the scarcity of data concerning evaluating the role of training in improving the use of electronic information retrieval devices in Nigerian institutions. In light of the undertaking, it proved to be quite challenging to locate the necessary materials, texts, or information and to systematically arrange the data, necessitating a considerable allocation of time and effort.

Furthermore, the conclusions drawn from the study may be limited by the relatively small sample size and the narrow focus of the research, which predominantly centres on The Akwa Ibom State University Library, Akwa Ibom state. Consequently, the results of the study possess restricted practical significance, underscoring the necessity for additional investigation.

Furthermore, the individual faced considerable limitations stemming from financial restrictions. As an individual pursuing academic excellence with constrained financial means, they had to meticulously manage these limitations during their educational journey. The high transportation costs at the research site presented a considerable obstacle in fulfilling the financial commitments associated with travel expenses.

Furthermore, the individual had a busy agenda due to their academic commitments, which included attending lectures and engaging in various educational activities.

1.9 Definition of terms

Information retrieval: Information retrieval is the process of accessing data resources. Usually documents or other unstructured data for the purpose of sharing knowledge. More specifically, an information retrieval system provides an interface between users and large data repositories – especially textual repositories.

ICT: Information and communication technology, abbreviated as ICT, covers all technical means used to handle information and aid communication. This includes both computer and network hardware, as well as their software

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