Home » Pharmaceutical Sciences » ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF METHANOL EXTRACT AND FRACTIONS OF MORINGA OLEIFERA LAM...
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF METHANOL EXTRACT AND FRACTIONS OF MORINGA OLEIFERA LAM. ROOT BARK ON CLINICAL ISOLATES OF METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS
Sold By: Joe Project Store | Item Type: Project Material | Report this? | Attributes: 65 pages | 1-5 chapters | Amount: ₦5,000 | 1 order. | Marked useful: 6,568 times
Delivery: Within 24 hoursABSTRACT
Development of antimicrobial resistance by bacteria is now a world wide health issue, as infection is one of the leading causes of death in the world today. This fact is also as a result of the emergence of multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria known as methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with potential of cross resistance to other antibiotics of
choice like vancomycin. MRSA is often referred to as a potential killer and one of the tree top superbugs in hospitals multidrug resistant organisms (MDRO). The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical components and antimicrobial activity of methanol extract and fractions of Moringa oleifera root bark as possible remedy for MRSA infections.
Staphylococcus aureus isolates from 3 different hospitals in South-east geopolitical region of Nigeria were confirmed by coagulase/staphylase test using Oxoid® reagents kits (DR0595A). The characterised S. aureus isolates were further identified as Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus by disc diffusion method as recommended by the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), using standard antibiotic discs containing oxacillin (5 μg/ml), vancomycin (30 μg/ml), cephalexin (30 μg/ml), levofloxacin (5 μg/ml), ciprofloxacin (5 μg/ml), tetracycline (30 μg/ml), cotrimoxazole (25 μg/ml), gentamicin (30 μg/ml), clindamycin (2 μg/ml) and rifampicin (5 μg/ml). Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus
confirmation was done using Oxoid® DR0900 penicillin binding protein (pbp2ˈ) latex agglutination test kits. Pulverised Moringa oleifera root bark was defatted with n-hexane to yield hexane fraction (HEF). The dried marc was extracted with methanol using Soxhlet extractor to obtain crude methanol extract (ME). Methanol extract was adsorbed on Silical gel (60-200 mesh) and eluted in succession to obtain dichloromethane fraction (DMF), ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) and methanol fraction (MEF). Qualitative phytochemical analyses of the extracts were carried out using standard procedures. The antimicrobial activities of ME, HEF, DMF, EAF and MEF were evaluated on the MRSA, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were recorded and compared with the standard disc antimicrobial test results. The extract fractions were analysed using gas chromatographic-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for their bioactive compounds. The preliminary acute toxicity and sub-acute toxicity of ME and HEF were evaluated. Statistical analysis was done with ANOVA followed by Duncan post Hoc test using SPSS v 17 software. Characterised clinical isolates yielded 58 S. aureus strains. Antibiotic susceptibility tests indicated varied percentages of MRSA that were resistant to various antibiotics thus: oxacillin (62.1 ± 3.2%), vancomycin (60.4 ± 3.8%), cephalexin (55.2 ± 1.2%), levofloxacin (56.9 ±
2.2%), ciprofloxacin (56.9 ± 0.9%), tetracycline (65.5 ± 2.3%), cotrimoxazole (68.9 ± 0.8%), gentamicin (67.2 ± 1.3%), clindamycin (62.1 ± 3.3%) and rifampicin (62.1 ± 4.1%). Latex agglutination test confirmed 39 strains of the clinical isolates to be MRSA. The S. aureus isolates resistant to all the antibiotics including vancomycin at 30 μg/ml were sensitive to the
extract and all its fractions: ME: MIC (3.0 ± 0.1 to 5.0 ± 0.5 mg/ml) and MBC (3.0 ± 0.1 to 6.0 ± 0.5 mg/ml); EAF: MIC (5.0 ± 1.1 to 8.0 ± 0.5 mg/ml) and MBC (5.0 ± 0.5 to 8.0 ± 0.5 mg/ml); DMF MIC (8.0 ± 1.1 to 10 ± 0.5 mg/ml) and MBC (8.0 ± 0.5 to 10 ± 0.5 mg/ml); HEF: MIC (7.0 ± 0.5 to 8 ± 1.1 mg/ml) and MBC (7.0 ± 0.5 to 9 ± 0.5 mg/ml), MEF: MIC (9.0 ± 1.1 to 10.0 ± 0.5 mg/ml) and MBC (9.0 ± 0.5 to 10.0 ± 0.5 mg/ml).
Phytochemical analysis of the extracts showed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, resins, reducing sugars, proteins, fats and oil and carbohydrates. GC-MS analysis revealed over 100 distinct compounds, some of which are stigmasterol (C29H48O), eugenol (C10H12O2), oxime (C3H7NO ) and ergosta-4, 22-dien-3-one (C28H44O). The oral acute toxicity test showed the LD50 of ME as 3663.96 mg/kg and HEF as 1934.15mg/kg, with no significant change (P > 0.05) in the hematological, serum biochemical parameters and weight of the rats.
This material content is developed to serve as a GUIDE for students to conduct academic research
Delivery: Within 24 hours
Advertise Here
Not what you were looking for? Perform a search
What's your project topic?
Comment on Facebook:
Related Project Materials
- 1.
ISOLATION OF MICROORGANISM ASSOCIATED WITH DETERIORATION OF BANANAS FRUITS
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Banana is a long curved fruit which grows in clusters and has soft pulpy flesh and yellow skin when ripe.There are about 1000...More »
Item Type: Project Material | 50 pages | 9,700 engagements |
- 2.
PHARMACOECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF HIV/AIDS MANAGEMENT PHARMACY
ABSTRACT The HIV/AIDS pandemic has resulted in mortality surge and life expectancy drop throughout the world. Developing countries are mostly affected...More »
Item Type: Project Material | 50 pages | 9,230 engagements |
- 3.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF RISPERIDONE IN PUR...
ABSTRACT Two simple, sensitive, accurate and extraction free spectrophotometric methods were developed and described for the determination of risperid...More »
Item Type: Project Material | 50 pages | 7,944 engagements |
- 4.
WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT AND PROFITABILITY OF LISTED PHARMACEUTICAL FIRMS IN NIGERIA
ABSTRACT Working capital managemt involves the management of the most liquid resources of the firm which includes cash and cash equivalents, inventori...More »
Item Type: Project Material | 50 pages | 6,924 engagements |
- 5.
INVESTIGATING THE PRESENCE OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS AND ESCHERICHIA COLI IN DAIRY PRODUCTS
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Dairy products are various products derived from cow’s milk or that of other female mammals ...More »
Item Type: Project Material | 50 pages | 9,041 engagements |
- 6.
RECYCLING WASTE POLYETHYLENE MATERIALS TO USEFUL PRODUCTS VIA PYROLYSIS
Chapter oneIntroduction1.1 Background of study Recycling is a process of changing waste materials into new products to prevent waste of potential...More »
Item Type: Project Material | 50 pages | 8,555 engagements |